Glossary

alternative mediaarchitecturearchivebad videobinary oppositionbutchbutch-femmecinema veritecommitted mediacontinuity editingconvergencecorporate mediacreative democracycritical pedagogycrowdsourcecrowdsourcingculture jammingcyberspaceDadadetournementdialecticdirect cinemadisciplineDIYfailsfake documentariesfake documentaryfan-vidfemi-digi-practitionerfemi-digi-praxisfeminist filmfemmeflow-vidglossaryhegemonichegemonyheteronormativehistoriographyidentity politicsindexicalLFYTmanifestomarginalizemedia convergencemedia literacymedia praxismodernismmontagemultimodalneocolonialismnetworkNicheTubeparodypastichepedagogyperformativepost-identity politicspostmodernismpraxisproblematizeproductive fake docpunkqueerqueer theoryretro-futuristself-reflexivesemioticssignsignifiedsignifierSituationismsloganSoviet montagespectacletexteoThe RealThird CinemaThirdTubetransgenderuser-generatedvblogvernacularvideo artvideo-bookviralWeb 2.0YouTour

alternative media
Media produced, financed, distributed, and/or used outside of corporate systems.

architecture
"The science and art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers that meet functional, performance and cost goals. Computer architecture is not about using computers to design buildings."[cit]

archive
"A collection of historical records, as well as the place they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime."[cit]

bad video
YouTube videos that do not attend to the conventional norms of quality, particularly in relation to form (lighting, framing, costume, make-up, editing, sound recording and mixing, performance, etc.).

binary opposition
"A pair of opposites, thought by the Structuralists to powerfully form and organize human thought and culture."[cit]

butch
"Masculine ... traits, behavior, style, expression [and] self-perception" as exhibited, performed, or enacted by a lesbian or queer person.

butch-femme
"Masculine and feminine traits, behavior, style, expression [and] self-perception" as exhibited, performed, or enacted within a lesbian or queer coupling.

cinema verite
"A style of documentary filmmaking, combining naturalistic techniques with stylized cinematic devices of editing and camerawork, staged set-ups, and the use of the camera to provoke subjects."[cit]

committed media
Expressive, critical, beautiful moving images that attempt to contribute to projects of social justice.

continuity editing
The conventional system of sequencing shots to create a coherent, usually linear, spatial and temporal progression of events.

convergence
"Where old and new media intersect, where grassroots and corporate media collide, where the power of the media producer and the power of the consumer interact in unpredictable ways."[cit]

corporate media
"A system of mass media production, distribution, ownership, and funding which is dominated by corporations and their CEOs ... [following] capitalist imperatives of maximizing profits for investors, stockholders, and advertisers."[cit]

creative democracy
John Dewey explains: "a way of personal life controlled not merely by faith in human nature in general but by faith in the capacity of human beings for intelligent judgment and action if proper conditions are furnished."[cit]

critical pedagogy
"Educational theory and teaching and learning practices that are designed to raise learners' critical consciousness regarding oppressive social conditions."[cit]

crowdsource
"The act of taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call."[cit]

crowdsourcing
"The act of taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call."[cit]

culture jamming
The introduction of radical or personal ideas into dominant, corporate systems.

cyberspace
"A global computer network, linking all people, machines and sources of information in the world, and through which one could move or navigate as through a virtual space."[cit]

Dada
"An early twentieth century art movement which ridiculed contemporary culture and traditional art forms. The movement was formed to prove the bankruptcy of the existing styles of artistic expression rather than to promote a particular style itself."[cit]

detournement
"A variation on a previous media work, in which the newly created one has a meaning that is antagonistic or antithetical to the original." [cit]

dialectic
"The tension or opposition between two interacting forces or elements."

direct cinema
A documentary style that "hopes to unveil truth through detailed outward observation of events and/or subjects."[cit]

discipline
"Foucault argues between the 17th and 18th centuries a new, more subtle form of power was being exercised transnationally."[cit]

DIY
To do it yourself, as opposed to letting corporations do it for you. A rallying cry for counter-cultural movements. Today it's more of a corporate call to action (and buying).

fails
"Another word for 'suck,' most probably derived from the world of internet gaming ... A glorious lack of success." cit

fake documentaries
"Fiction films that make use of (copy, mock, mimic, gimmick) documentary style and therefore acquire its associated content (the moral and social) and associated feelings (belief, trust, authenticity) to create a documentary experience defined by their antithesis, self-conscious distance."[cit]

fake documentary
"Fiction films that make use of (copy, mock, mimic, gimmick) documentary style and therefore acquire its associated content (the moral and social) and associated feelings (belief, trust, authenticity) to create a documentary experience defined by their antithesis, self-conscious distance."[cit]

fan-vid
"The labor practice in media fandom of creating [music] videos from the footage of one or more visual media sources, thereby commenting on the source text(s)."

femi-digi-practitioner
A mediamaker who integration theory, digital practice, and feminist politics within an historical context; a feminist, digital play on Dziga Vertov's kinochestvo ("the art of organizing the necessary movements of objects in space as a rhythmical artistic whole"[cit]) from his "We: Variant of a Manifesto."

femi-digi-praxis
The integration of media theory, digital practice, and feminist politics in an historical context; a feminist, digital play on Dziga Vertov's kinochestvo ("the art of organizing the necessary movements of objects in space as a rhythmical artistic whole"[cit]) from his "We: Variant of a Manifesto."

feminist film
Media that engages form and/or content to trouble the norms of patriarchy.

femme
"Feminine ... traits, behavior, style, expression [and] self-perception" as exhibited, performed, or enacted by a lesbian or queer person.

flow-vid
Coined by my students to describe a common YouTube genre that records and makes public the private, kinetic joy of people-made, bodily pleasure.

glossary
Mel Goldsipe, my editor at the MIT Press, recommended this tool to aid users: one providing ready definitions for the many words I made up for LFYT, as well as the theoretical lingo I often use.

hegemonic
"The political, economic, ideological or cultural power exerted by a dominant group over other groups, regardless of the explicit consent of the latter."[cit]

hegemony
"The political, economic, ideological or cultural power exerted by a dominant group over other groups, regardless of the explicit consent of the latter."[cit

heteronormative
"A culture or belief system which assumes that heterosexuality is the norm."[cit]

historiography
"How historians DO history."[cit]

identity politics
"When members of a specific subgroup unite in order to effect political or social change."[cit]

indexical
A sign (a system of meaning-making) that "has a direct connection with an object, or is produced by the object it represents. Smoke indexes fire."[cit]

LFYT
Learning From YouTube was a media studies class held at Pitzer College in 2007, 2008, and 2010. This publication, also so named, includes (among other things) materials from, evaluation of, and responses to that undergraduate course and digital pedagogy more generally.

manifesto
A public declaration of principles and intentions, often political in nature.[cit]

marginalize
"To relegate or confine to a lower social standing or outer limit or edge, as of social standing."[cit]

media convergence
"The merging of mass communications outlets—print, television, radio, the Internet along with portable and interactive technologies—through various digital presentation platforms."[cit]

media literacy
"The ability to sift through and analyze the messages that inform, entertain and sell to us every day ... to bring critical thinking skills to bear on all media."[cit]

media praxis
The linking of culture, theory, and politics, in the 20th century, through mediation technologies and often indebted to Marxist theories. Also the title of my blog about YouTube, activism and media, as well as mediapraxis.org, another online resource I created for teaching and learning.

modernism
"A set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Modernism was a revolt against the conservative values of realism."[cit]

montage
The french word for editing.

multimodal
"provides the user with multiple modes of interfacing with a system." [cit]

neocolonialism
"The economic and political policies by which a great power indirectly maintains or extends its influence over other areas or people."[cit]

network
"To communicate with and within a group. 'You have to network if you want to get a good job.'" ... "An interconnected system of things or people."[cit]

NicheTube
The vast sea of little-seen YouTube videos that are hard to find given YouTube's architecture of ranking and user-generated tags.

parody
"A work created to mock, comment on, or make fun of an original work, its subject, author, style, or some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation."[cit]

pastiche
"A literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that imitates the style of previous work."[cit]

pedagogy
The art, science, or profession of teaching.

performative
An utterance or expression that creates the state of affairs it describes.

post-identity politics
Movements that assume that identity politics have succeeded and so are no longer needed, or that organizing around a singular identity is neither inclusive nor descriptive enough of human experience to be viable.

postmodernism
"Art (and thought) [that] favors reflexivity and self-consciousness, fragmentation and discontinuity (especially in narrative structures), ambiguity, simultaneity, and an emphasis on the destructured, decentered, dehumanized subject."[cit]

praxis
The holistic integration of theory, politics, and practice.

problematize
To unsettle, draw contradictions, or render complex.

productive fake doc
Fake documentaries that "self-consciously and directly engage with history, identity and truth in a political and formal project that links and unlinks power to the act of recording the visible world and to the documentary record produced."[cit]

punk
"Makes you feel angry and alive, you want to make shit and fuck shit up, and in that moment you really honestly don't give a fuck what anybody thinks about you."[cit]

queer
Outside or in opposition to binary, heterosexual gender and sexuality norms.

queer theory
Ideas and practices proposing that "identities are not fixed and do not determine who we are" and "we deliberately challenge all notions of fixed identity, in varied and non-predictable ways."[cit]

retro-futurist
where yesterday's tomorrow is still the future."[cit]

self-reflexive
"Marked by or making reference to its own artificiality or contrivance."[cit]

semiotics
"A science which studies the role of signs as part of social life."[cit]

sign
"something that stands for something, to someone in some capacity."[cit]

signified
"One of the two parts of the sign ... the mental concept represented by the signifier (and is not a material thing)."[cit]

signifier
"One of the two parts of the sign. ... In the Saussurean tradition, the signifier is the form which a sign takes."[cit]

Situationism
"Ideas rooted in Marxism and the 20th century European artistic avant-gardes [that] advocated experiences of life being alternative to those admitted by the capitalist order, for the fulfillment of human primitive desires and the pursuing of a superior passional quality."[cit]

slogan
Text and/or video condensing meaning-making to efficiently sell an idea and/or product.

Soviet montage
"An idea that arises from the collision of independent shots. ... Each sequential element is perceived not next to the other, but on top of the other."[cit]

spectacle
An image "dominated by the logic of market capitalism which tends to 'develop' our faculties of perception, imagination and reflection towards a 'one dimensional model' formatted by the language of consumerist ideology."[cit]

texteo
A page in this publication that expresses meaning through the integration of design, written text, and video (text+video=texteo).

The Real
"That which is authentic, the unchangeable truth in reference both to being/the Self and the external dimension of experience ... as opposed to a reality based on sense perception and the material order."[cit]

Third Cinema
"An ideologically charged and aesthetically meaningful term that denotes the adoption of an independent, often oppositional stance towards commercial genre and auteurist cinemas emanating from the more developed, Western (or Westernized, in the cases of Israel and Australia) capitalist world."[cit]

ThirdTube
User-generated, simple-in-form, complex-in-thought, video on YouTube about the material of daily life, and the thoughts of regular people, not beholden to corporate culture and products.

transgender
"Individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies [that] vary from the usual gender roles."[cit]

user-generated
"A wide range of applications, including problem processing, news, gossip and research [that expand] ... media production through new technologies that are accessible and affordable to the general public."[cit]

vblog
"The posting of serial videos to a website, with an audience response encouraged" to the author's testimony about personal experience and opinion. [cit]

vernacular
The native, common, or naturalized usages of a language within a particular location.

video art
Video work made by artists from an aesthetic, political, or personal point of view.[cit]

video-book
Large-scale online writing that depends upon video, text, design, and architecture for its meaning-making.

viral
To become exponentially popular through social networking and other forms of sharing facilitated by the Internet.

Web 2.0
"Applications that facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration on the World Wide Web."[cit]

YouTour
A linear grouping of texteos in this video-book that function akin to a book's chapter. Their structure presses against YouTube's definitive aimlessness.