"Like a disease, narcissism is caused by certain factors, spreads through particular channels, appears as various symptoms, and might be halted by preventive measures and cures. Narcissism is a psychocultural affliction rather than a physical disease, but the model fits remarkably well."[cit]

Michael Rush writes: "In her 1976 essay, 'Video and Narcissism,' American critic Rosalind Krauss postulated that video artists, in turning the camera on themselves, were engaging in blatant narcissism ... Does photographing the self constitute pathological narcissism, the condition of someone who (as described by Freud and quoted by Krauss) has 'abandoned the investment of objects with libido and transformed object-libido into ego-libido?'" [cit]